简介
本文介绍Java多线程的三种写法(Thread、Runnable、Callable)。
写法1:继承 Thread 类
package com.example.a; class TestThread extends Thread { private String name; public TestThread(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { System.out.println(name + "运行,i = " + i); } } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread thread1 = new TestThread("线程 A"); Thread thread2 = new TestThread("线程 B"); // 不能使用run(),因为它不会去启动多线程 thread1.start(); thread2.start(); } }
运行结果
线程 A运行,i = 0 线程 B运行,i = 0 线程 A运行,i = 1 线程 B运行,i = 1 线程 B运行,i = 2 线程 B运行,i = 3 线程 B运行,i = 4 线程 B运行,i = 5 线程 B运行,i = 6 线程 B运行,i = 7 线程 B运行,i = 8 线程 A运行,i = 2 线程 A运行,i = 3 线程 B运行,i = 9 线程 A运行,i = 4 线程 A运行,i = 5 线程 A运行,i = 6 线程 A运行,i = 7 线程 A运行,i = 8 线程 A运行,i = 9
写法2:实现 Runnable 接口
实例
package com.example.a; class TestThread implements Runnable { private String name; public TestThread(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { System.out.println(name + "运行,i = " + i); } } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { TestThread thread1 = new TestThread("线程 A"); TestThread thread2 = new TestThread("线程 B"); Thread t1 = new Thread(thread1); Thread t2 = new Thread(thread2); t1.start(); t2.start(); } }
运行结果
线程 B运行,i = 0 线程 B运行,i = 1 线程 A运行,i = 0 线程 B运行,i = 2 线程 B运行,i = 3 线程 B运行,i = 4 线程 B运行,i = 5 线程 B运行,i = 6 线程 B运行,i = 7 线程 A运行,i = 1 线程 A运行,i = 2 线程 A运行,i = 3 线程 A运行,i = 4 线程 A运行,i = 5 线程 A运行,i = 6 线程 A运行,i = 7 线程 A运行,i = 8 线程 A运行,i = 9 线程 B运行,i = 8 线程 B运行,i = 9
Thread类和Runnable接口的区别
如果一个类继承Thread类,则不适合于多个线程共享资源,而实现了Runnable接口,就可以方便地实现资源共享。
例1:继承Thread类不能资源共享
package com.example.a; class TestThread extends Thread { private int ticket = 5; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { if (ticket > 0) { System.out.println("卖票:ticket = " + ticket--); } } } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread thread1 = new TestThread(); Thread thread2 = new TestThread(); // 不能使用run(),因为它不会去启动多线程 thread1.start(); thread2.start(); } }
运行结果(2个线程却分别卖了各自的5张票,并没有达到资源共享的目的。)
卖票:ticket = 5 卖票:ticket = 5 卖票:ticket = 4 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 4 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1
例2:实现Runnable接口可以资源共享
package com.example.a; class TestThread implements Runnable { private int ticket = 5; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { if (ticket > 0) { System.out.println("卖票:ticket = " + ticket--); } } } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { TestThread thread1 = new TestThread(); Thread t1 = new Thread(thread1); Thread t2 = new Thread(thread1); // 不能使用run(),因为它不会去启动多线程 t1.start(); t2.start(); } }
运行结果(启动了2个线程,2个线程一共卖了5张票,即ticket属性被所有的线程共享。(本处暂不考虑线程安全性))
卖票:ticket = 5 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 卖票:ticket = 4
写法3:实现 Callable接口
使用Runnable接口实现的多线程可以避免单继承局限,但其run()方法不能返回操作结果。为解决此问题,从JDK1.5开始对多线程的实现提供了一个新接口:java.util.concurrent.Callable。
Callable接口定义如下:
public interface Callable<V> { public V call() throws Exception; }
Callable接口有一个call()方法,在call()方法上可实现线程操作数据的返回,返回的数据类型由Callable接口上的泛型类型动态决定。
package com.example.a; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; class TestThread implements Callable<String> { private int ticket = 3; @Override public String call() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { if (ticket > 0) { System.out.println("卖票:ticket = " + ticket--); } } return "票已卖完"; } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { TestThread thread1 = new TestThread(); TestThread thread2 = new TestThread(); FutureTask<String> task1 = new FutureTask<>(thread1); FutureTask<String> task2 = new FutureTask<>(thread2); //FutureTask是 Runnable接口子类,所以可以使用Thread类的构造来接收task对象 new Thread(task1).start(); new Thread(task2).start(); try { System.out.println("线程1的返回结果: " + task1.get()); System.out.println("线程2的返回结果: " + task2.get()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
执行结果
卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 线程1的返回结果: 票已卖完 线程2的返回结果: 票已卖完
请先
!