简介
本文介绍Java多线程的三种写法(Thread、Runnable、Callable)。
写法1:继承 Thread 类
package com.example.a;
class TestThread extends Thread {
private String name;
public TestThread(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(name + "运行,i = " + i);
}
}
}
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new TestThread("线程 A");
Thread thread2 = new TestThread("线程 B");
// 不能使用run(),因为它不会去启动多线程
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
运行结果
线程 A运行,i = 0 线程 B运行,i = 0 线程 A运行,i = 1 线程 B运行,i = 1 线程 B运行,i = 2 线程 B运行,i = 3 线程 B运行,i = 4 线程 B运行,i = 5 线程 B运行,i = 6 线程 B运行,i = 7 线程 B运行,i = 8 线程 A运行,i = 2 线程 A运行,i = 3 线程 B运行,i = 9 线程 A运行,i = 4 线程 A运行,i = 5 线程 A运行,i = 6 线程 A运行,i = 7 线程 A运行,i = 8 线程 A运行,i = 9
写法2:实现 Runnable 接口
实例
package com.example.a;
class TestThread implements Runnable {
private String name;
public TestThread(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(name + "运行,i = " + i);
}
}
}
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread thread1 = new TestThread("线程 A");
TestThread thread2 = new TestThread("线程 B");
Thread t1 = new Thread(thread1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(thread2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
运行结果
线程 B运行,i = 0 线程 B运行,i = 1 线程 A运行,i = 0 线程 B运行,i = 2 线程 B运行,i = 3 线程 B运行,i = 4 线程 B运行,i = 5 线程 B运行,i = 6 线程 B运行,i = 7 线程 A运行,i = 1 线程 A运行,i = 2 线程 A运行,i = 3 线程 A运行,i = 4 线程 A运行,i = 5 线程 A运行,i = 6 线程 A运行,i = 7 线程 A运行,i = 8 线程 A运行,i = 9 线程 B运行,i = 8 线程 B运行,i = 9
Thread类和Runnable接口的区别
如果一个类继承Thread类,则不适合于多个线程共享资源,而实现了Runnable接口,就可以方便地实现资源共享。
例1:继承Thread类不能资源共享
package com.example.a;
class TestThread extends Thread {
private int ticket = 5;
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if (ticket > 0) {
System.out.println("卖票:ticket = " + ticket--);
}
}
}
}
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new TestThread();
Thread thread2 = new TestThread();
// 不能使用run(),因为它不会去启动多线程
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
运行结果(2个线程却分别卖了各自的5张票,并没有达到资源共享的目的。)
卖票:ticket = 5 卖票:ticket = 5 卖票:ticket = 4 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 4 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1
例2:实现Runnable接口可以资源共享
package com.example.a;
class TestThread implements Runnable {
private int ticket = 5;
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if (ticket > 0) {
System.out.println("卖票:ticket = " + ticket--);
}
}
}
}
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread thread1 = new TestThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(thread1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(thread1);
// 不能使用run(),因为它不会去启动多线程
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
运行结果(启动了2个线程,2个线程一共卖了5张票,即ticket属性被所有的线程共享。(本处暂不考虑线程安全性))
卖票:ticket = 5 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 卖票:ticket = 4
写法3:实现 Callable接口
使用Runnable接口实现的多线程可以避免单继承局限,但其run()方法不能返回操作结果。为解决此问题,从JDK1.5开始对多线程的实现提供了一个新接口:java.util.concurrent.Callable。
Callable接口定义如下:
public interface Callable<V> {
public V call() throws Exception;
}
Callable接口有一个call()方法,在call()方法上可实现线程操作数据的返回,返回的数据类型由Callable接口上的泛型类型动态决定。
package com.example.a;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
class TestThread implements Callable<String> {
private int ticket = 3;
@Override
public String call() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if (ticket > 0) {
System.out.println("卖票:ticket = " + ticket--);
}
}
return "票已卖完";
}
}
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread thread1 = new TestThread();
TestThread thread2 = new TestThread();
FutureTask<String> task1 = new FutureTask<>(thread1);
FutureTask<String> task2 = new FutureTask<>(thread2);
//FutureTask是 Runnable接口子类,所以可以使用Thread类的构造来接收task对象
new Thread(task1).start();
new Thread(task2).start();
try {
System.out.println("线程1的返回结果: " + task1.get());
System.out.println("线程2的返回结果: " + task2.get());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
执行结果
卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 3 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 卖票:ticket = 2 卖票:ticket = 1 线程1的返回结果: 票已卖完 线程2的返回结果: 票已卖完

请先 !