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Spring-Data-Redis-解决java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to xxx

2023-09-29 中间件 9670

简介

说明

本文介绍解决Spring-Data-Redis的“java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to xxx”报错的方法。

出现的场景

SpringBoot项目中使用Redis来进行缓存。把数据放到缓存中时没有问题，但从缓存中取出来反序列化为对象时报错：“java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to xxx”。（xxx为反序列化的目标对象对应的类。）

只有这个类里有其他对象字段才会报这个问题，如果这个类里都是初始的类型（比如：Integer，String）则不会报这个错误。

只要用到Redis序列化反序列化的地方都会遇到这个问题，比如：RedisTemplate，Redisson，@Cacheable注解等。

问题复现

业务代码

Controller

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.entity.Result;
import com.example.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("page")
    public Result page(int pageNo, int pageSize) {
        return userService.page(pageNo, pageSize);
    }
}

Service

接口

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.entity.Result;

public interface UserService {
    Result page(int pageNo, int pageSize);
}

实现

package com.example.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.demo.constant.RedisConstant;
import com.example.demo.entity.Result;
import com.example.demo.entity.User;
import com.example.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private final List<User> allUsers = Arrays.asList(
            new User(1L, "Tony1", 20),
            new User(2L, "Tony2", 18),
            new User(3L, "Tony3", 30),
            new User(4L, "Tony4", 25),
            new User(5L, "Tony5", 28)
    );

    @Override
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "userPageCache")
    public Result<List<User>> page(int pageNo, int pageSize) {
        String format = String.format("pageNo: %s, pageSize: %s", pageNo, pageSize);
        System.out.println("从数据库中读数据。" + format);

        int from = (pageNo - 1) * pageSize;
        int to = Math.min(allUsers.size(), (pageNo) * pageSize);

        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>(allUsers.subList(from, to));
        return new Result<List<User>>().data(users);
    }
}

Entity

User

package com.example.demo.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
// 必须要有无参构造函数。因为Redis反序列化为对象时要用到
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private Long id;

    private String userName;

    private Integer age;
}

Result

package com.example.demo.entity;

import lombok.Data;
 
@Data
public class Result<T> {
    private boolean success = true;
 
    private int code = 1000;
 
    private String message;
 
    private T data;
 
    public Result() {
    }
 
    public Result(boolean success) {
        this.success = success;
    }
 
    public Result<T> success(boolean success) {
        Result<T> result = new Result<>(success);
        if (success) {
            result.code = 1000;
        } else {
            result.code = 1001;
        }
        return result;
    }
 
    public Result<T> success() {
        return success(true);
    }
 
    public Result<T> failure() {
        return success(false);
    }
 
    /**
     * @param code {@link ResultCode#getCode()}
     */
    public Result<T> code(int code) {
        this.code = code;
        return this;
    }
 
    public Result<T> message(String message) {
        this.message = message;
        return this;
    }
 
    public Result<T> data(T data) {
        this.data = data;
        return this;
    }
}

Redis配置代码

package com.example.demo.config;

import com.example.demo.constant.RedisConstant;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.*;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {

    /**
     * 重写缓存Key生成策略。
     * 包名+方法名+参数列表。防止缓存Key冲突
     */
    @Bean
    @Override
    public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
        return (target, method, params) -> {
            // 存放最终结果
            StringBuilder resultStringBuilder = new StringBuilder("cache:key:");
            // 执行方法所在的类
            resultStringBuilder.append(target.getClass().getName()).append(".");
            // 执行的方法名称
            resultStringBuilder.append(method.getName()).append("(");

            // 存放参数
            StringBuilder paramStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            for (Object param : params) {
                if (param == null) {
                    paramStringBuilder.append("java.lang.Object[null],");
                } else {
                    paramStringBuilder
                            .append(param.getClass().getName())
                            .append("[")
                            .append(String.valueOf(param))
                            .append("],");
                }
            }
            if (StringUtils.hasText(paramStringBuilder.toString())) {
                // 去掉最后的逗号
                String trimLastComma = paramStringBuilder.substring(0, paramStringBuilder.length() - 1);
                resultStringBuilder.append(trimLastComma);
            }

            return resultStringBuilder.append(")").toString();
        };
    }

    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> configurationMap = new HashMap<>();

        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(5))
                .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(keySerializer()))
                .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(valueSerializer()))
                .disableCachingNullValues();

        return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory)
                .initialCacheNames(configurationMap.keySet())
                .withInitialCacheConfigurations(configurationMap)
                .cacheDefaults(config)
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<?, ?> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);

        template.setKeySerializer(keySerializer());
        template.setValueSerializer(valueSerializer());

        template.setHashKeySerializer(keySerializer());
        template.setHashValueSerializer(valueSerializer());

        template.afterPropertiesSet();
        return template;
    }

    private RedisSerializer<String> keySerializer() {
        return new StringRedisSerializer();
    }

    private RedisSerializer<Object> valueSerializer() {
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
                new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);

        jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);

        return jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
    }
}

测试

第1次访问（成功）

http://localhost:8080/user/page?pageNo=1&pageSize=2

结果：成功访问，结果或存入Redis

第2次访问（失败）

http://localhost:8080/user/page?pageNo=1&pageSize=2

结果：报错

后端输出：

2022-01-11 14:59:23.805 ERROR 68468 --- [nio-8080-exec-5] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to com.example.demo.entity.Result] with root cause

java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to com.example.demo.entity.Result
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy56.page(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
	at com.example.demo.controller.UserController.page(UserController.java:18) ~[classes/:na]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190) ~[spring-web-5.2.15.RELEASE.jar:5.2.15.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138) ~[spring-web-5.2.15.RELEASE.jar:5.2.15.RELEASE]
	......
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1707) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_201]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_201]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_201]

原因分析

SpringBoot 的缓存使用 jackson 来做数据的序列化与反序列化，如果默认使用 Object 作为序列化与反序列化的类型，则其只能识别 java 基本类型，遇到复杂类型时，jackson 就会先序列化成 LinkedHashMap ，然后再尝试强转为所需类别，这样大部分情况下会强转失败。

解决方案

修改RedisTemplate这个bean的valueSerializer，设置默认类型。

关键代码：

private RedisSerializer<Object> valueSerializer() {
    Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
            new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);

    // 此项必须配置，否则如果序列化的对象里边还有对象，会报如下错误：
    //     java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to XXX
    objectMapper.activateDefaultTyping(
            objectMapper.getPolymorphicTypeValidator(),
            ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL,
            JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY);
    // 旧版写法：
    // objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL, JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY);

    jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);

    return jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
}

解决后的测试

代码

只修改Redis配置类

package com.example.demo.config;

import com.example.demo.constant.RedisConstant;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.*;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {

    /**
     * 重写缓存Key生成策略。
     * 包名+方法名+参数列表。防止缓存Key冲突
     */
    @Bean
    @Override
    public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
        return (target, method, params) -> {
            // 存放最终结果
            StringBuilder resultStringBuilder = new StringBuilder("cache:key:");
            // 执行方法所在的类
            resultStringBuilder.append(target.getClass().getName()).append(".");
            // 执行的方法名称
            resultStringBuilder.append(method.getName()).append("(");

            // 存放参数
            StringBuilder paramStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            for (Object param : params) {
                if (param == null) {
                    paramStringBuilder.append("java.lang.Object[null],");
                } else {
                    paramStringBuilder
                            .append(param.getClass().getName())
                            .append("[")
                            .append(String.valueOf(param))
                            .append("],");
                }
            }
            if (StringUtils.hasText(paramStringBuilder.toString())) {
                // 去掉最后的逗号
                String trimLastComma = paramStringBuilder.substring(0, paramStringBuilder.length() - 1);
                resultStringBuilder.append(trimLastComma);
            }

            return resultStringBuilder.append(")").toString();
        };
    }

    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> configurationMap = new HashMap<>();

        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(5))
                .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(keySerializer()))
                .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(valueSerializer()))
                .disableCachingNullValues();

        return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory)
                .initialCacheNames(configurationMap.keySet())
                .withInitialCacheConfigurations(configurationMap)
                .cacheDefaults(config)
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<?, ?> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);

        template.setKeySerializer(keySerializer());
        template.setValueSerializer(valueSerializer());

        template.setHashKeySerializer(keySerializer());
        template.setHashValueSerializer(valueSerializer());

        template.afterPropertiesSet();
        return template;
    }

    private RedisSerializer<String> keySerializer() {
        return new StringRedisSerializer();
    }

    private RedisSerializer<Object> valueSerializer() {
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer =
                new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);

        // 此项必须配置，否则如果序列化的对象里边还有对象，会报如下错误：
        //     java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to XXX
        objectMapper.activateDefaultTyping(
                objectMapper.getPolymorphicTypeValidator(),
                ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL,
                JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY);
        // 旧版写法：
        // objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL, JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY);

        jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);

        return jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
    }
}

测试

第1次访问（成功）

http://localhost:8080/user/page?pageNo=1&pageSize=2

可以看到，在写入Redis时，会带上类全名。这样在反序列化时就能成功了。 

第2次访问（成功）

http://localhost:8080/user/page?pageNo=1&pageSize=2

0

评论1

请先 ！

  1. 类里面有LocalDateTime第一次查询正常，后面查询会报Resolved [org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.SerializationException: Could not read JSON: Cannot construct instance of `java.time.LocalDateTime`。搜了之后说大概率是反序列化问题，但修改redisTemplate方法序列化器为GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer后第一次都失败。排查出问题在于jackson2JsonRedisSerializer会导致反序列化失败，要同时将cacheManager方法里的序列化器和redisTemplate方法里的序列化器改为GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer才能使用。
    罖亽 2023-12-31 0
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