简介
说明
本文用示例介绍MyBatis-Plus如何解决逻辑删除与唯一索引的问题。
物理删除与逻辑删除
数据是很重要的,数据库里的数据在删除时一般不会用DELETE语句直接物理删除。
通常的做法是使用逻辑删除,也就是:新加一个标记是否删除的字段,在删除时不是真的删除,而是使用UPDATE语句将某个字段设置为删除状态。例如:”deleted_flag”,0表示未删除,其他表示已删除。
MyBatis-Plus默认的逻辑删除
MyBatis-Plus里可以将某个字段标记为逻辑删除字段,方法是:在字段上加@TableLogic注解:
@TableLogic private Long deletedFlag;
这样一来,操作数据时会自动操作:
- 查询时:自动加”AND deletedFlag = 0″
- 删除时:UPDATE SET deletedFlag = 1 … WHERE … AND deleted_flag = 0
其默认的全局配置为:
mybatis-plus: global-config: db-config: logic-delete-value: 1 # 逻辑已删除值(默认为 1) logic-not-delete-value: 0 # 逻辑未删除值(默认为 0)
MyBatis-Plus默认逻辑删除的问题
假设有一张用户表,有user_name和deleted_flag字段,想给user_name加唯一索引(提高查询速度、确保用户名不重复),这时有如下两种方案:
- 将user_name设置为唯一索引
- 这样是不行的,比如:有个用户名为“Tony”,删除了,又有一个用户注册,注册为“Tony”,这就会报错。报错的信息是这样的:Duplicate entry ‘Tony’ for key ‘t_user.index_user_name’
- 将user_name和deleted_flag设置为联合唯一索引
- 这样也是不行的,比如:
- 有个用户名为“Tony”,删除了,这样联合索引为“Tony-1”。
- 又有一个用户注册,注册为“Tony”,这不会报错,此时新用户联合索引为“Tony-0”
- 新用户删除,会报错:因为此时新用户联合索引为“Tony-1”,数据库已经有了。报错的信息是这样的:Duplicate entry ‘Tony-1’ for key ‘t_user.index_user_name_deleted_flag’
- 这样也是不行的,比如:
问题复现
测试
打开测试页面:http://localhost:8080/doc.html
1. 查看原始数据
2. 删除user_name为“sky”的数据
数据库结果(成功删除)
后端结果
==> Preparing: UPDATE t_user SET deleted_flag=1 WHERE id=? AND deleted_flag=0 ==> Parameters: 2(Long) <== Updates: 1
3. 添加user_name为“sky”的数据
数据库结果(添加成功)
后端结果(添加成功)
==> Preparing: INSERT INTO t_user ( user_name ) VALUES ( ? ) ==> Parameters: sky(String) <== Updates: 1
4. 删除user_name为“sky”的数据
数据库结果(删除失败)
后端结果(删除失败)
2022-03-20 16:46:09.895 ERROR 15904 --- [nio-8080-exec-7] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet] : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.DuplicateKeyException: ### Error updating database. Cause: java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Duplicate entry 'sky-1' for key 't_user.index_user_name_deleted_flag' ### The error may exist in com/example/demo/user/mapper/UserMapper.java (best guess) ### The error may involve com.example.demo.user.mapper.UserMapper.deleteById-Inline ### The error occurred while setting parameters ### SQL: UPDATE t_user SET deleted_flag=1 WHERE id=? AND deleted_flag=0 ### Cause: java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Duplicate entry 'sky-1' for key 't_user.index_user_name_deleted_flag' ; Duplicate entry 'sky-1' for key 't_user.index_user_name_deleted_flag'; nested exception is java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Duplicate entry 'sky-1' for key 't_user.index_user_name_deleted_flag'] with root cause java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Duplicate entry 'sky-1' for key 't_user.index_user_name_deleted_flag' at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:117) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.20.jar:8.0.20] at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:97) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.20.jar:8.0.20] at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:122) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.20.jar:8.0.20] ... at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_201] at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.36.jar:9.0.36] at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_201]
代码
依赖
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version> <!-- <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>--> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>MyBatis-Plus_Simple</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>MyBatis-Plus_Simple</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.xiaoymin</groupId> <artifactId>knife4j-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
建库建表
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS mp; CREATE DATABASE mp DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8; USE mp; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`; SET NAMES utf8mb4; CREATE TABLE `t_user` ( `id` BIGINT(0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `user_name` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名(不能重复)', `nick_name` VARCHAR(64) NULL COMMENT '昵称(可以重复)', `email` VARCHAR(64) COMMENT '邮箱', `create_time` DATETIME(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间', `update_time` DATETIME(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间', `deleted_flag` BIGINT(0) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '0:未删除 其他:已删除', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE, UNIQUE KEY `index_user_name_deleted_flag` (`user_name`, `deleted_flag`), KEY `index_create_time`(`create_time`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB COMMENT = '用户'; INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (1, 'knife', '刀刃', 'abc@qq.com', '2021-01-23 09:33:36', '2021-01-23 09:33:36', 0); INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (2, 'sky', '天蓝', '123@qq.com', '2021-01-24 18:12:21', '2021-01-24 18:12:21', 0);
Java代码
Entity
package com.example.demo.user.entity; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableLogic; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.activerecord.Model; import lombok.Data; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data @TableName(value = "t_user") public class User { @TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO) private Long id; /** * 用户名(不能重复) */ private String userName; /** * 昵称(可以重复) */ private String nickName; /** * 邮箱 */ private String email; /** * 创建时间 */ private LocalDateTime createTime; /** * 修改时间 */ private LocalDateTime updateTime; /** * 0:未删除 其他:已删除 */ @TableLogic private Long deletedFlag; }
Service
接口
package com.example.demo.user.service; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService; import com.example.demo.user.entity.User; public interface UserService extends IService<User> { }
实现类
package com.example.demo.user.service.impl; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl; import com.example.demo.user.entity.User; import com.example.demo.user.mapper.UserMapper; import com.example.demo.user.service.UserService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User> implements UserService { }
Controller
package com.example.demo.user.controller; import com.example.demo.user.entity.User; import com.example.demo.user.service.UserService; import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @Api(tags = "测试") @RestController @RequestMapping("test") public class TestController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @ApiOperation("删除") @PostMapping("delete") public String delete(Long id) { userService.removeById(id); return "remove success"; } @ApiOperation("添加") @PostMapping("add") public User add() { User user = new User(); user.setUserName("sky"); userService.save(user); return user; } }
解决方案
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